High density lipoprotein12/22/2023 ![]() ( 2) suggested that patients who survived a coronary occlusion (acute myocardial infarction) or with other unequivocal evidence of atherosclerosis-related complications had several abnormalities in plasma proteins including a reduction in the alpha lipoprotein content. HDL was first isolated in 1929 from the horse serum by Michel Macheboeuf ( 1) at Pasteur Institute as a lipid-rich alpha-globulin (at that time the term “high-density lipoprotein” was not coined). HDL is one of the major classes of circulating lipoproteins that enable fat transport within the body. Introduction A healthy high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in a healthy body-the Latin phrase: mens sana in corpore sano (a healthy mind in a healthy body) adopted to describe HDL function Received: 02 June 2021 Accepted: 16 July 2021 Published: 30 October 2021. Keywords: Atherosclerosis cardiovascular risk coronary artery disease (CAD) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) reverse cholesterol transport Future studies are needed to assess the role of HDL in vascular biology and cardiovascular epidemiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. ![]() Several therapies aiming to improve HDL functions are in clinical use or under development. Genetic studies, failure of HDL-raising therapies to improve clinical outcome despite markedly raising HDL levels and a better understanding of HDL functions led to a paradigm shift in HDL studies from investigation of HDL concentration to investigation of HDL functions (such as, cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory indices) as a response to various therapeutic interventions. HDL structure and function alterations in various morbid conditions including inflammatory states, metabolic diseases, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular risk factors and CAD transform HDL from a vasoprotective and anti-atherosclerotic particle into a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic dysfunctional equivalent. So far, no HDL-raising therapy that increased HDL level without a concomitant decrease in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level reduced the cardiovascular risk. Although HDL showed an inverse relationship with cardiovascular risk, pharmacologically-based HDL-raising therapies and Mendelian randomization studies refuted a causal relationship between HDL and the risk for atherosclerosis and CAD. Initial epidemiological evidence supported an inverse relationship between HDL level and the risk for atherosclerosis and CAD. HDL participates in multiple pathways that may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), including cholesterol removal from the tissues (including vascular arterial wall), endothelial function protection through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, endothelial repair, angiogenesis and improved endothelial cell survival. Policy of Dealing with Allegations of Research MisconductĪbstract: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a central role in vascular biology.Policy of Screening for Plagiarism Process.
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